Internal-combustion-engine construction



F. VAN R. HOOGENDIJK. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 20, I919.

1,400,746, Patented Dec. 20, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

ATTORNEYS F. VAN R. HOOGENDIJK. INTERNAL comausnou ENGINE cowsmucnom. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 20| I919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR I. ifiazfiflooyendf l jzfw gagmal ATTORNEYS untrue FREDERICK VAN ROSSEN HOOGENDIJK, OF BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA.

TNTERNL-COIKEBUSTION-ENGINE CONSTRUCTION Lelllll, 746.

To all 20 710m it may concern Be it known that T, FREDERIK VAN Rossini Tilooonnnmn, a subject of the Queen of Netherlands, residing at Berkeley, in the county 01"- Alameda and State or California,

have invented a new and useful Improvement in Tnternal-Combustion-Engine Construction, of which the following is a specification. I

This invention relates to an internal combustion engine construction.

Tt is the principal object of this invention to provide an engine structure of the four cycle double acting type which is so designed as to produce a maximum amount of power within a minimum space and to further provide improved and novel. arrang merits of the operating mechanism in carrying out this idea.

The present invention contemplates the use of double-opposed cylinders, each set of cylinders having rigidly connected pistons directly driving the crank shaft, the operation 01 said cylinders being controlled by a novel timing and reversing mechanism.

The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings. in which--- Figure 1 is a fragmentary view of one end of the engine, showing parts in elevation and parts broken away to clearly disclose the mechanism.

Fig. 2 is a view in vertical section, as seen on the line 2-2 of Fig, 1, illustrating the driving connections and the timing arrangement.

Referring more particularly to the draw" ings, 1.0 indicates a bed plate carrying the main bearings for the reception of a crank shaft 11. Superimposed. upon the bed plate 10 are lower columns 12. The tops of the columns 12 are suitably formed to carry cylindei' block 14:, within which are mounted the lower engine cylinders 15. Disposed in spaced relation to the cylinder block 14 is an upper cylinder block 16 carrying the upper engine cylinders 17. The two cylinder blocks 1e and 16 are held in rigid relation to each other by upper columns 18.

The main tie rods 19 run onreither side of the main bearingstrom the bed plate 10 through the lower column 12, cylinder block 14:, upper column 18 and cylinder block 16, thus connecting these various parts. The

cylinder construction is clearly shown in.

Fig. 2, where it will be seen that each cylspecifioation of Letters Patent. Pgmgmiggfl Egg, 2%, 1921,

Application filed March 20, 1919.

Serial no. 283,319.

The opposed cylinders are exactly the same and the sizes or the sets of cylinders are in longitudinal alinement. This permits them to receive upper and lower pistons 22 which may reciprocate within the sets of cylinders and are secured together by two rigid piston rods 23. These rods are spoolshaped and extend oppositely from a yoke 24 to which they are detachably secured.

The outer ends of the rods are formed as, seats for the p stons 22. It will thus be evident irom an examination 01" Fig; 1 that the yoke 24, the oppositely extending piston rods 23, and the pistons 22, are assembled to form a rigil unit which moves as a single body and produces reciprocations oi the two pistons within the opposed cylinders. The yoke 2483381155; oppositely from the long'ig tudinal center of the piston structure and is formed with bosses through which parallel yoke rods25 extend. These yoke rods pass downwardly along the opposite sides oi: the lower cylinders, through the cylinder blocks. and at their lower ends are secured within cross-head shoes 26. The cross-head shoes 26 are formed integral with a cross-head 27, within which the upper end of the connecting rod 13 is journaled, The cross-head shoes26are also disposed between parallel, and vertically extending ways 28 which are carried by the lower columns12.

As shown in Fig. 1, the upper ends of the connecting rods 13 are formed with opposite trunnions 29 which are titted with bushings 30. For convenience bushings 30 are detachably secured within the cross-head 27.

The cross-head 27 and its shoes 26 are per mitted to slide along the ways, as produced by the actlon within the engine cylinders.

Preference being had'to Fig. 2 it will be noted that, each of the cylinders is formed witha combustion chamber 31. This chamber extends at right angles to the longitudinal axis of each cylinder. The chamber 31 communicates with extensions 32 which hold the housing" for the intake and exhaust valves 33 and 34, both of which are of the puppet type. V

Mounted to communicate with the com bustion chamber 31 is a suitable fuel valve and sprayer nozzle 35 which is preferably constructed as disclosed in my co-pending application entitled Fuel valve nozzle and sprayer construction, which application is filed concurrently herewith. Each of the extensions 32 isalso fitted with an air valve 36for starting purposes and a safety and relieve valve 37 In the present instance, it is necessary for the valve structures to be disposed upon opposite sides of a horizontal center line of the engine and for that reason an intermediate cam shaft 38 is mounted in bearings and extends horizontally of the structure.

' This shaft 38 is shown in Fig. 2 as being fitted with sliding boxes 39, carried between guide brackets 40, which will. permit the shaft and boxes to move horizontally.

Radius arms 41 and are provided and are freely supported upon the cam shaft.

38. These arms extend outwardly and in diverging directions and embrace cam shafts 43 and 43. The cam shafts are parallel and are vertically superimposed. termediate'cam shaft 38,-is provided with a driving gear 44 in constant mesh with a driving gear 45 of, the shaft 43. and the gear 46 .of the shaft 43-, being held inthis relation by means of the radius rods 41 and 42.

, It' is; also to be noted that the shafts 43 and 43 are carried within sliding boxes 47 which may slide vertically along waysv 46. V The boxes 47 are pivotally connected with eccentric arms 4'? mounted upon a reversing shaft 48. It will. thus possible, by rotation of the shaft 48, to simultaneously draw the shafts 43 and 43 toward each other or to force them away from each other as occasion demands. This movement is provided in order to permitthe engine to be readily reversed an'd as the reversing shaft is rotated in order to draw the cam shafts toward each other, cams 49 will be actuated'to cause suitable movement of hell cranks, 50. The bell cranks are pivotally mounted upon the side of the cylinder blocks a and at theirfree ends engage shifting collars 51. These collars are fixed upon the cam shafts and will produce a horizontal shifting ofthe' same. I

Thecam shafts carry a plurality of sets of operating cams. These cams are in duplicate and are provided to operate a fuel. rocker 52, an airstarting rocker 53, the

exhaust valve 34, and the air intake valve 33. In the present instance, the intake valve is operated by means of a rocker 54 centrally The inpivoted and carried upon an upright .55,

the free end of this rocker, is fitted with a push rod 62 resting uponone ofa pair of cams 63. V

A duplication of this structure is provided for each of the engine cylinders, and thus it is possible to operate the various valve and fuel valve mechanisms in synchronism, either in a forward or reverse dire tion.

In operation, the engine is started by means of air, as is common, and the various valves will thereafter operate in a manner which is-evident and needs no further. n planation. As the engine begins to function, the pistons 22 of eaoh'set will reciprocate and this reciprocal movement will be trans mitted to the piston yoke 24, thereafter parted to the vertical yoke rods 25; these rods at all times reciprocating vertically without pivotal movement between the ways 28. The pressure exerted by the lower'ends of the yoke rods will be transmitted to the cross-head 27 and will thereafter act through the connecting rods 13 to impart rotary mo- .tion to the crank shaft 11. In the event that nally of the engine. The stroke of the shift ing mechanism corresponds to the distal from center to center of the variousfcams upon the cam shafts 43 and 43. It will be understood that the lift upon the coin plementary cams of the cam shaft is reversed so that when the shaft has been shifted a reversal in sequence of the operation of the valve members will be produced andthe engine thereby reversed in its direction of rotation. After the shafts have been shifted, the reversing shaft may again be rotated to throw the cam shafts 43 and 43 out wardly and causing the cams to properly register with the ends of the. push rods.

It will be noted that when any motion is produced to move the shafts 43 and 43 1 ,aoome of the three shafts 43, t3 and L8. This will maintain the gears 44, 45 and 4-6 in proper mesh at all times and will prevent them from binding. Motive power is furnished as desired from the crank shaft and in the present instance a gear ratio of E2 to 1 is established.

In case the pistons are to be removed, the cylinders remain unmolested. For the inspeotion of the lower piston or for the renewal of its piston ringsrthe pistons are placed in top position and the lower piston is supported by two bars placed horizontally under the piston flange, whereupon the lower piston rod is taken out by removal of the bolts which connect same with the yoke and the lower piston. Then the yoke is lowered by turning the engine and the flange of the lower piston is bolted to the lower flange of the yoke. Thereafter the supporting bars may be removed and by again turning the engine the lower piston can be raised above its cylinder for inspection and renewal of piston rings.

By reversing the operation, the upper piston may be removed, thus making it possible to easily remove the pistons from the cylinders without molesting the cylinders or the valve mechanisms connected therewith.

It will thus be seen that the structure here disclosed embodies an improved design of a vertical, double-acting, tour-cycle internal combustion engine, whereby the running o'l a piston rod through the lower combustion chamber and the exposure or the piston rod to the combustion temperature is avoided and whereby, through special arrangement the pistons are easily removed without the usual objectionable dismantling or the cylinder structure.

Having thus described my invention, what li claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In an engine, a bed, lower columns on the bed, a lower cylinder block on the upper ends oi the columns, a cylinder in theiblock, upper columns seated on the lower block, an upper cylinder block on the upper ends of the upper columns, a cylinder in said upper block, tie rods extending from the bed through all of the columns and the cylinder blocks pistons in the cylinders having rods a yoke connecting the rods and operating between the two blocks, yoke rods extending downwardly from the yoke ends and through the lower cylinder block, a cross-head connecting the lower ends of the yoke rods, vertical guides for the cross-head borne by the lower columns, and a crank shaft connected to the crosshead.

2. In an engine, a pair of spaced opposed cylinders, a piston in each cylinder, a yoke in the space between the cylinders, a piston rod for each piston of approximately spool shape, bolts connecting the enlarged inner ends of the spool-shaped rods to the yoke, and bolts connecting the enlarged outer ends of the spool-shaped rods to the outer ends of the pistons, whereby upon removal. of the bolts the rods ma be bodil' moved laterally: y 3

out of normal position and removed and the pistons then removed from their cylinders.

3. In an engine, a pair of spaced opposed cylinders, a piston in each cylinder, a yoke in the space between the cylinders, a piston rod for each piston having enlarged end parts to afiord substantial seats engaged with the yoke and with the outer piston ends respectively, and means to removably securethe respective end parts of the rods to the yoke and to the pistons so that upon removal of said means the rods may be removed by a lateral bodily sliding movement thereof to allow of removal of the pistons.

l. In an engine, a pair of spaced opposed cylinders, a piston in each cylinder, a yoke in the space between the cylinders, a piston rod for each piston formed for interposition between the piston and the adjacent part of the yoke, and means to removably secure one end of eachrrod to its piston and the opposite end to the yoke so that upon re-' 

